Monograph defines 'Physical AI' framework and surveys techniques (arXiv:2610.27045v1)
A new arXiv monograph (arXiv:2610.27045v1) proposes a unified definition and technical framework for "Physical AI"—systems that perceive, model, and act on the physical world in closed-loop operation—and distinguishes it from related areas (embodied AI, cyber-physical systems, digital twins). The work surveys foundational topics (physics, control, cognition, learning, reasoning), methods (multimodal perception, world models, embodied foundation models, motor control, sim-to-real), applications (robotics, manufacturing, infrastructure, scientific experimentation), and challenges including reliability, real-time execution, safety, evaluation, governance, and long-term deployment.