Self-improving agent grows DSL via oracle-free operator induction for exact question answering
The paper (arXiv:2610.20809v1) presents a method where a single frozen model runs two nested loops over a small DSL: an inner loop only answers questions when two independently written expressions agree on every record, and an outer loop invents and admits new operators only when an independent implementation also agrees and a conservation-law check holds — all without rewards, judges, or ground-truth answers. Empirically the inner loop roughly triples answerable questions, the outer loop invents operators outside the starting closure and expands answerable sets on disjoint starts, rejects 138/138 buggy operator variants under an independent reference, and transfers to business-ledger and clinical-encounter domains (answerable sets grow >10x and ~20x respectively) and across model families.