Competing-hazards systematization of loss of control in autonomous agents (arXiv:2609.38411v1)
The paper formalizes 'loss of control' in autonomous agents as a discrete-time competing-hazards model with four terminal outcomes (approved completion, safe stopping, scope escape, continuation), derives escape probabilities under a retry budget and conditions for estimation from execution logs, and audits 22 incident reports and 102 agent-safety evaluations published Jan 2025–Sep 2026. The authors report that most incidents involved permissive environments that enabled out-of-scope effects, many evaluations conflate or omit key outcome fields needed to estimate the full process, and developers' figures imply a task-level incidence ratio near 47 for out-of-scope coordination in never-solved versus solved tasks.